Ramon-Moliner E. An attempt at classifying nerve cells on the basis of their dendritic patterns. Puelles L. Brain segmentation and forebrain development in amniotes. The autonomic nervous system is a subdivision of the central nervous system. In 1970, he also took extended travel leave as an MRC associate to continue his studies at the Department of Anatomy, Boston University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and at the Department of Anatomy, Aarhus University, Denmark. The earliest generated cell layers in the cerebral cortical development comprise preplate cells, with the Reelin secreting CajalRetzius cells being its most prominent component [36]. Motor Nervous System carries information from the CNS to organs, muscles, and glands. Indeed, the lepto- or isodendritic configurations, the pools of undifferentiated neurons, remain diffusively distributed in the mammalian nervous system (such as the brainstem and periventricular areas of the cerebrum). This layer array is a simplification of the cortex in humans and other gyrencephalic mammals (which are mammals with a folded cortex). The following cells would appear in addition to those present in stage I: pyramidal neurons with well-developed basal dendrites in the neopallium ("isocortex"), Purkinje cells of the cerebellum, retinal ganglionc cells, olfactory bulbmitral cells, and isodendritic regions of the rhombencephalon. Nervous systemCells of the nervous system. Neurons, or nerve cell, are the main structural and functional units of the nervous system. Nervous system divisions. So nervous tissue, comprised of neurons and neuroglia, forms our nervous organs (e.g. Central nervous system. Peripheral nervous system. Somatic nervous system. Autonomic nervous system. The position of dendritic tufts of neurons in sensory regions that originated as evaginations of the primordial prosencephalic vesicle, i.e., the retinal ganglionic and olfactory mitral cells, may reflectan extension of the telencephalic trend. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. In this area, a prolongation of the ventricle separates these two central nervous system (CNS) structures. A surgical technique called a pallidotomy is sometimes used, but is not always successful. Responses can be divided into those that are voluntary or conscious (a contraction of skeletal muscle) and those that are involuntary (a contraction of smooth muscles, regulation of cardiac muscle, activation of glands). In: Santini M (ed) Golgi Centennial Symposium. Ebbesson SO. There are actually more senses than just those, but that list represents the major senses. 3C). E. Ramn-Moliner distinguished two main types of nerve cells in the nervous system of lower vertebratessee Table Table3 3 and Although less accentuated, this array can also be seen in certain regions of the mammalian cerebrum, such as the extrinsic fibers of the hippocampal and dentate gyri or the lateral olfactory tract covering the temporal cortex. 1200 BC): old problems and future perspectives. Idiodendritic neurons include subpial tufts/lophodendritic cells. What is the nervous system classification? The primary function of the peripheral nervous system is to connect the brain and spinal cord to the rest of the body and the external environment. 8600 Rockville Pike Unconsciousness associated with petit mal seizures last only a few seconds. The cerebral cortex of amphibians would be a most simple construction, representing a rudiment of the hippocampal gyrus. If these actions do not fix the problem, surgery may be necessary to relieve the pressure. WebStructure Cells. In: Bourne GH (ed) The structure and function of nervous tissue. Accordingly, the hippocampal gyrus is a thin and simplified band of the cerebral cortex. The sympathetic nervous system regulates the "fight-or-flight" response. Richardson MK, Hanken J, Gooneratne ML, et al. Each resting neuron has a slight positive charge on the outside. These branches contain neurotransmitters that are released into synapses when an action potential reaches them. 1 What are the function of the peripheral nervous system? Ellis H (2021) Sir Grafton Elliot Smith: distinguished Australian anatomist and Egyptologist. Some examples of neurological disorders include epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. Habicht ME, Varotto E, Galassi FM, Pate FD. The parasympathetic nervous system is also called the thoracolumbar system. What are thhe two types of nervous systems? The brainstem is the second largest part of the brain. All cells are schematic examples (1, neurons with subpial tufts; 2, leptodendritic neurons; 3, isodendritic pool; 4, pyramidal neurons with basilar dendrites; 5, allodendritic neurons of the diencephalon; 6, allodendritic neuron of the rhombencephalon; 7, tufted granule cells of the dentate gyrus; 8, Purkinje cells; 9, mitral olfactory neurons; 10, tufted neurons of various secondary sensory center; 11, wavy precerebellar neurons). 3A), he discriminated a neuroblast phase (neurons with an axon processing from the cell body), followed by the (secondary) bipolar phase (cells with a thicker, varicose process from one pole and a finer process emerging from the other pole). Gemeinverstndliche wissenschaftliche Vortrge ber die Entwickelungslehre im Allgemeinen und diejenige von Darwin, Goethe und Lamarck im Besonderen, ber die Anwendung derselben auf den Ursprung des Menschen und andere damit zusammenhngende Grundfragen der Naturwissenschaft. Redrawn with modifications from [14]with courtesy of publisher Springer Nature. The nervous system and this are the two body-wide communication systems. A ganglion is a knot like mass of nerve cell bodies located outside the CNS.. Learn more The difference between a two- and three-neuron reflex is the presence of an interneuron. The dendritic configurations of nerve cells in the medial mammillary nucleus are borderline allodendriticisodendritic [20]. Efferent nerves are motor nerves that carry impulses from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands. Neurotransmitters are chemical messengers that relay information between neurons. "Monopolization," typical for most idiodendritic nerve cells, means the relative exactness of their afferent or efferent contacts. The hypothalamus releases chemicals that stimulate the release of hormones by the posterior pituitary gland. A Correction to this paper has been published: 10.1007/s10072-022-06218-1. The corpus callosum allows the right and left sides of the brain to communicate with each other. Short-axon cells (Golgi type II cells) are present in all layers of the cerebral cortex and many other CNS regions. Thus, these 3B). Isodendritic cells are often involved in processing afferent signals of a very heterogeneous source. ASTs communicate with each other through connexin (Cx) and Cx-based network structures, both of which allow for quick transport of nutrients and signals. As part of which nervous system do preganglionic neurons release acetylcholine? 6 What are the two parts of the nervous system? The most commonly encountered isodendritic, generalized, or reticular neurons show a minimal variation of their features. A child born with this disorder cannot live. This leads to a specific response that will be generated. The dendritic pattern of lophodendritic neurons is reminiscent of neurons in the dentate gyrus of the mammalian hippocampus. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest, Research involving human participants and/or animals, Dendroarchitectonics, Phylogeny, Ontogeny, Santiago Ramn y Cajal, Enrique Ramn-Moliner. Sensory input needs to be integrated with other sensations, as well as with memories, emotional state, or learning (cognition). Finlay BL, Darlington RB. A dendritic configuration with a low topognostic value denotes the difficulty of identifying an area in the CNS to which a given group of neurons belongs due to a lack of distinctive regional dendritic characteristics. As E. Ramn-Moliner stressed, any well-outlined center, i.e., "nuclei," must be excluded from the isodendritic formation, and only "regions" or "areas" with no actual boundaries should be subsumed under the isodendritic core. The nervous system is involved in receiving information about the environment around us (sensation) and generating responses to that information (motor responses). II. In addition, motor neurons would be present (in the sense of lower motor neurons). The three-stage scheme assumes that "ontogeny does not necessarily recapitulate phylogeny" (see [18], p. 99). Sympathetic Nervous System 2. These development processes occur primarily during childhood and adolescence but also continue into adulthood. A, the respective lower tiers to the two schematic representations: graphic illustration of S. R. y Cajal's idea that stages in the human ontogeny would correspond sequentially to the adult form of various vertebrates employing two arrows. Indeed, there is an astonishing degree of similarity, but not identicalness, in the features at the very early phases of development [3941], whereas at later stages, brain development diverges in the various vertebrate groups [13, 27, 4246]. An axon transmits impulses toward the cell body. Afferent nerves are sensory nerves that carry impulses from the body to the central nervous system. The site is secure. However, some ontogenetic stages (e.g., bipolar cells) would not correspond to a phylogenetic phase since the individual development is characterized by a continuous development with more transitional structures. E. Ramn-Moliner distinguished two main types of nerve cells in the nervous system of lower vertebratessee Table Table33 and Fig. WebThe nervous system is composed of two basic cell types: glial cells (also known as glia) and neurons. The presence of a neurilemma is necessary for the repair of an injured neuron. The peripheral nervous sys You have a central nervous system (CNS), which is located in the skull and vertebral canal of the spine. They act as a network connecting many different groups of neurons together to coordinate movements. Suzuki IK, Hirata T. Evolutionary conservation of neocortical neurogenetic program in the mammals and birds. Postganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system release norepinephrine. Oligodendrocytes have processes that protrude from their body and coil around axons. The sympathetic nervous system is also called the craniosacral nervous system. Neurons are the other the other type of cell that comprise nervous tissue. Treatments for cerebral contusions are close observation, hospitalization, maintain cerebral perfusion, and administer corticosteroids, and osmotic diuretics. Parkinsons disease is a slow deterioration of the nerves in the brain stems motor system. A neuron is a nerve cell that transmits impulses of the nervous system. Stellate cells have no visible processes and are mostly found in the cerebellum and brainstem. The pain of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is the worst during the night. The brain controls all body functions, including thoughts, emotions, movement, sensory perception, and consciousness. Leptodendritic neurons would be an even more primitive type, and lophodendritic nerve cells would develop into pyramidal neurons. Molnr Z, Mtin C, Stoykova A, et al. The peripheral nervous system (PNS) consists of neurons that connect with muscles, glands, organs, and sensory receptors in the body. Spinal tracts are made up of gray matter in the spinal cord. Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor in the sympathetic nervous system. Parasympathetic Nervous System. Myelinated bundles of axons in the central nervous system are called: Which of the following is not true of the cerebellum? WebTwo main types of nerve cells in lower vertebrates. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. a. epidermis only b. hypodermis only c. epidermis and hypodermis d. epidermis and dermis. The hypothalamus plays an important part in the arousal or alerting mechanism in the brain. For communication reasons, parcellating vocabularies, such as the one proposed by Olszewski and Baxter for the human brain stem and that of Taber for the brain stem of the cat [24, 25] were considered useful. The membrane is made up of connective tissue called meninges as well as cerebrospinal fluid. The peripheral nervous system is divided into the following sections: (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); Your email address will not be published. They are the central nervous system and the periperhal nervous system.but in the periperhal nervous system ,they are two nervous system divided A comprehensive reference; Striedter GF, Rubenstein JLR (volume eds) Volume 1. Cerebrospinal fluid is returned to the blood by being absorbed in the choroid plexus. Which is the major functional unit of the CNS? Santiago Ramn y Cajal (1852-1934). The visual association area is in the occipital lobe of the cerebrum. S. O. E. Ebesson's "parcellation theory," raised in the 1980s, suggested that the nervous system becomes more complex during phylogeny, and likewise ontogeny, not by one system invading another but by parcellation (segregationisolation) followed by selective loss of connections of the newly formed subsystems [28, 29]. The first layer is the dura mater. In ontogeny, early developmental features of different neuronal cell types show a higher degree of similarity than their adult forms' features. Neurons with subpial tufts are present not only in the telencephalon but also in the brainstem of lower vertebrates [20]. The influence of James and Darwin on Cajal and his research into the neuron theory and evolution of the nervous system. WebWhat are the two divisions of the nervous system? Functions may be used more than once. E. Ramn-Moliner described "limbic allodendritic types," which appear to be relay stations as a sort of "centrifugal limbic lemniscus" situated adjacent to the reticular formation. The cerebrum controls consciousness, memory, sensations, emotions, and voluntary movements. Spindle cells have only one primary branch that extends back towards the cell body. The telencephalic trend may be responsible for the appearance of pyramidal neurons of the cerebral cortex and may also be reflected in the subpial distribution of the Purkinje cells [18]. WebThe nervous system is composed of two basic cell types: glial cells (also known as glia) and neurons. Diagram showing the The dendroarchitectonic configuration of the latter neurons with an absence of basilar dendrites isprobably one of the most primitive patterns in the nervous system. The nervous system contains two main categories or types of cells: neurons and glial cells . The nervous system is the combination of the brain, spinal cord and the complex network of neurons. ), touch is physical or mechanical stimuli that interact with the skin, sight is light stimuli, and hearing is the perception of sound, which is a physical stimulus similar to some aspects of touch. More than half a century after S. R. y Cajal's work, Enrique Ramn-Moliner (Fig. In keeping with this, S. R. y Cajal 1904 (vol. There are two smaller nervous systems within the PNS called the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The two systems involved in body-wide communications are the nervous system and the circulatory system. We've received widespread press coverage since 2003, Your UKEssays purchase is secure and we're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. Ferreira FRM, Nogueira MI, Defelipe J. He contended that ontogenetic phases of "the" cerebral pyramidal cell (the "psychic cell") would correspond roughly to "adult" forms as they phylogenetically appear in invertebrates/lower vertebrates. Since these territories show very little change in dendroarchitectonic configurations during phylogeny, the leptodendritic core could have an even more primitive significance than that of the surrounding isodendritic core. Somatic nervous system (SNS): Controls muscle movement and relays information from ears, eyes and skin to the central nervous system. Symptoms commonly associated with shingles are server pain, fever, itching, GI disturbances, headache, general tiredness, and increased skin sensitivity. Gilland E, Baker R. Conservation of neuroepithelial and mesodermal segments in the embryonic vertebrate head. The biceps-jerk reflex is carried out by motor neurons that exit the spinal cord in the fifth spinal nerve (C5). Herewith, he rejected the idea that the ontogenetic loss of connections always corresponds to adult ancestral forms. A plexus allows the fibers from several spinal nerves to reorganize into a single peripheral nerve. Neurons can be classified based on the direction in which they transmit impulses. A headache or cephalagia is another pathological condition. A ganglion is a group of cell bodies located in the central nervous system. Saltatory conduction occurs when a nerve impulse jumps over the myelin sheath of an axon. In the same year, he was appointed Associate Professor at the Department of Anatomy, Sherbrooke University, where he was promoted to Professor in 1974. Spinal bifida cystic is a disorder in which the back part of one or more vertebrae is not normally closed. WebIt is primary located mainly in the frontal lobes o C. It process information o D. It is the dominant type of nervous tissue in the brain C. It process information o 2. Ramn-Moliner distinguished three main groups of nerve cells situated on a spectrum of dendritic configuration in the mammalian central nervous system with decreasing degree of morphological specialization, i.e., idiodendritic, allodendritic, and isodendritic neurons. Neuroglia use a process called phagocytosis to get rid of any unwanted substances. Two main types of nerve cells in lower vertebrates. Their dendrites either diverge or radiate from the cell body in all directions or show a slight tendency to orient themselves along given planes or dipoles. will also be available for a limited time. d.peripheral and This "dynamic reserve" would be the basis for outstanding human mental abilities and neural processes, which happen later than external excitation, such as memory or ideation [6, 14]. The nervous system is split into two parts: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Therefore, the PNS is more subject to injury and disease than is the CNS. Unlike other neurotransmitters, nitric oxide passed directly through the plasma membrane rather than being released by vesicles. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome is pain caused by pinching or compressing of the median nerve. 1.Neurons are specialized cells that generate & conduct Schwann cells produce myelin for neurons outside the central nervous system. 1.2.1 Sympathetic nervous system. The PNS is made up of nerves and neurons that connect the nervous system to the various parts of the body, which allows the brain to communicate with all areas of the body. This process means a transition from isodendritic to idiodendritic neurons. From 1963 to 1968, he served as an Associate of the Medical Research Council (MRC) of Canada and Assistant Professor at the Department of Physiology, Laval University (Qubec, Canada). Table Table33 depicts the areas of the leptodendritic core. FOIA In ontogeny, the early developmental features show a higher degree of similarity than the comparison of their adult forms. 1.2.2 Parasympathetic nervous system. The highly differentiated or specialized idiodendritic cells include cells ofthe cerebellar cortex (Purkinje cells, granule cells), retinal ganglionic cells, and the olfactory bulb mitral cells. Vertebrate evolution: the developmental origins of adult variation. Neuroglia come in three types; astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. The peripheral nervous system transmits information to and from the CNS. Some of the neurons in this structure function as endocrine glands: In the cerebrum, the islands of gray matter within the white matter are called the: either the cerebral basal nuclei or basal ganglia. Preganglionic axons of the sympathetic nervous system release norepinephrine. 1.1.1 Cervical spinal nerves (C1C4) 1.1.2 Brachial plexus (C5T1) 1.1.3 Lumbosacral plexus (L1Co1) 1.2 Autonomic nervous system. What are the function of the peripheral nervous system? The new PMC design is here! What protects the peripheral nervous system? Those five are all senses that receive stimuli from the outside world, and of which there is conscious perception. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Neurotransmitter receptors are located on the presynaptic neuron. The pallium in nonmammalian amniotes has a different architecture than its mammalian homolog, i.e., the six-layered neocortex; therefore, the capability to generate an orderly sequence of distinct neocortical cells was thought to have emerged in mammals [37]. The trajectory of the ball and its speed will need to be considered. Your email address will not be published. The limbic system of the cerebral cortex is also called the emotional brain. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted 3B). B, lower tier: graphic illustration of E. Ramn-Moliner's idea that ontogeny is not a mere recapitulation of the phylogeny employing two collateral arrows. The second layer of the meninges is the arachnoid membrane. The cerebrum of birds shows an enormous size of the corpus striatum or fundamental ganglion, which is adherent to the cortex proper except in the medial aspect of the hemispheres. In the 1960s and 1970s, E. Ramn-Moliner appreciated the impact of nervousfunctiononthe morphological specialization ofcells leading to segregation and loss of diffuse (receptive) contacts [18, 20, 23]. Kowalczyk T, Pontious A, Englund C, et al. Furthermore, the lophodendritic neurons and their development into pyramidal cells, characteristic of the cerebral cortex and indispensable for the most elaborate patterns of behavior and function, are no "new arrivals" but represent one of the earliest neuronal configuration trends. WebThe two principal divisions that make up the nervous system are the: a.central and sympathetic. Somatic nervous system (SNS): Controls muscle movement and relays information from ears, eyes and skin to the central nervous system. Considering the similarities between the histologic features of the isodendritic core and the relatively disorganized nervous system of lower vertebrates, E. Ramn-Moliner postulated that the isodendritic core would represent, from the perspective of phylogeny, a pool of pluripotential nerve cells. With the fourth-order olfactory centers, S. R. y Cajal distinguished a hippocampal gyrus from a dentate gyrus (for their layers, see Table Table1)1) [14]. These are neurons with dendrites radiating in all directions but without a typical apical dendrite. Islands of gray matter in the white matter of the cerebrum are called basal ganglia. E. Ramn-Moliner stressed that the postulated sequence of events should be considered a phylogenetic, not ontogenetic, process. Isodendritic territories include the following: spinal cord areas, brainstem regions with the medulla oblongata, pons, and mesencephalon, perithalamic areas, intrathalamic regions, lateral habenular nucleus, subthalamic areas, hypothalamic regions/lateral mammillary nucleus, medial and lateral basal forebrain areas, medial septal nucleus, deep cerebellar nuclei, and the deep polymorphic layer of the cerebral cortex (Table (Table2).2). Disclaimer: This is an example of a student written essay.Click here for sample essays written by our professional writers. 10.12968/hmed.2020.0727 [, Smith GE (1896) The fascia dentata. From neuron to beh Evolution of the primate brain. 3 What protects the peripheral nervous system? Each disorder produces unique symptoms and has different treatments. Another name for a nerve impulse is a saltatory conduction. Neuroblastoma occurs in the adrenal medulla and usually spreads to the liver, lungs, lymph nodes, and bone. The rhombencephalic trend is characterized by the transition from isodendritic to idiodendritic neurons. is it orange tree renewable or nonrenewable? Many types of neuron Anatomy in vertebrates. One of the differences between white matter and gray matter is that gray matter has a myelin sheath. All interneurons are found in the central nervous system. Mammals1st ed. The two types of neuroglia found in the peripheral nervous system are satellite cells and Schwann cells. 3B (e.g., Lophius piscatorius in ). Lpez-Muoz F, Boya J, Alamo C. Neuron theory, the cornerstone of neuroscience, on the centenary of the Nobel Prize award to Santiago Ramn y Cajal. The main part of the neuron is the cell body. Many of the "vital centers" are located in the brainstem. A nerve is macroscopic (i.e., able to be seen without the aid of a microscope). In the nervous system there are the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. Lumsden A, Krumlauf R. Patterning the vertebrate neuraxis. He generalized this idea to neuroglial cells. Hind - brain is posterior region of brain. Patterning the neuraxis of vertebrates means a constant process over a long time in ontogenesis [34]. Gray color indicates a pool of non-differentiated leptodendritic or isodendritic neurons (reticular formation), diffusely distributed in ill demarcated areas, in which more specialized neurons (allo- or idiodendritic) are embedded. The peripheral nervous system transmits sensory and motor impulses to and from the central nervous system and other parts of the body. Anencephaly can be detected during pregnancy by the use of amniocentesis or ultrasonography. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is filtered out of the blood in the choroid plexus. Since humans and mice have homologous cells allowing for direct comparisons, studies on these animals have been used to investigate cortical development (e.g., [32]); however, these results cannot simply be transferred to humans [33]. What is the function of the peripheral nervous system? Shingles causes inflammation of the spinal or cranial nerve pathway. Name the two major brain areas involved in the nervous control of breathing. This consists of the brain and spinal cord. As a third stage (III) with the final dendroarchitectonic pageantry as the result of the two main trends in the probable development of dendritic configurations, the following cell groups would appear in addition: subthalamic nucleus (corpus Luysi), hypothalamus, regions of the diencephalon, paleostriatum, prodiencephalic areas (basal forebrain areas), septum, the deep polymorphic layer of the cortex cerebri, prethalamic neurons, precerebellar nuclei, as well as specific neurons of the thalamus, the neostriatum and the basal nuclei of the amygdala. and transmitted securely. An annotated and edited translation of the original Spanish text with the additions of the French version by Pedro Pasik and Tauba Pasik, 2002. All work is written to order. Parkinson's disease results from a deficiency of the neurotransmitter dopamine. The nervous system is a complex, sophisticated system that regulates and coordinates body activities. Sensory neurons respond to external stimuli and connect with other cells to inform the brain about changes in the environment. Somatic Nervous SystemAfferent system by sensory neurons, which carry impulses from a receptor to the CNSEfferent system by motor neurons, which carry impulses from the CNS to an effectorRelay system by relay neurons (also called interneurons), which transmit impulses between the sensory and motor neurones. Puelles L, Kuwana E, Puelles E, et al. Suzuki IK, Hirata T. Neocortical neurogenesis is not really "neo": a new evolutionary model derived from a comparative study of chick pallial development. Sensory neurons are also called efferent neurons. In: Evolution of the nervous system. Is the autonomic nervous system part of the nervous system? Elsevier Academic Press, Oxford, San Diego, pp 97102, Striedter G (2007) A history of ideas in evolutionary neuroscience. The PNS also has no blood-brain barrier to protect it from toxins and pathogens in the blood. Types of nervous systems: E. Ramn-Moliner contended that the leptodendritic core of the diencephalon and rhombencephalon is the final point of convergence for the projections from the limbic system [20]. What is the major nerve that travels down from the brain? In reptiles, the axon of the pyramidal cell turns toward the inner surface of the brain and gives off collaterals below instead of above the soma. The dura mater, pia mater, and arachnoid are layers of the meninges. Kaas JH. Which of the following is a function of the thalamus? Additional sensory stimuli might be from the internal environment (inside the body), such as the stretch of an organ wall or the concentration of certain ions in the blood. White matter in the central nervous system has only axons, not dendrites of cell bodies. Several subvarieties within these three dendroarchitectonic groups correspond to additional intermediary forms. Neurotransmitter activity is terminated when it is transported back into the synaptic knob. The brain, one of the organs found in the central nervous system can be divided into four sections. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Based on the above mentioned, two main trends in the development of dendritic patterns were postulated [18, 21] (Table (Table4,4, Fig. It has gray matter tracts in its interior called the arbor vitae. The nervous system is split into two parts: the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. To export a reference to this article please select a referencing stye below: If you are the original writer of this essay and no longer wish to have your work published on UKEssays.com then please: Our academic writing and marking services can help you!